What is the net effect of alcohol on neurotransmitter activity?

The net effect of alcohol on neurotransmitter activity predominantly involves depression of activity in the brain. This is because alcohol acts as a central nervous system (CNS) depressant. When consumed, alcohol enhances the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and reduces the activity of excitatory neurotransmitters such as glutamate. This combination leads to a sedative effect that can impair cognitive functions, motor coordination, and overall mental processing.

While alcohol can have various effects based on the amount consumed and the individual's context, the overarching outcome is that it depresses rather than stimulates brain activity, thus resulting in decreased alertness and slower reflexes. This understanding is crucial for recognizing the potential risks associated with alcohol consumption, particularly in terms of its impact on mental health and functioning.