What is a psychoactive drug or psychotropic substance?

A psychoactive drug or psychotropic substance is defined as any drug that alters brain function, which includes changes in mood, perception, consciousness, and behavior. This definition encompasses a wide range of substances, including legal medications (like antidepressants and anxiolytics) as well as illicit drugs (such as cocaine or heroin).

The key aspect of psychoactive substances is their capability to affect mental processes due to their interaction with the central nervous system. This can lead to both therapeutic effects, such as relief from mental health conditions, and harmful effects, including addiction and impaired cognitive functioning. Understanding this classification is crucial for those working in mental health and addiction treatment, as it informs both the treatment approaches and the potential risks associated with substance use.

In contrast, substances that only affect mood, only target physical pain, or do not have any mental effects do not meet the criteria for being classified as psychoactive drugs. The focus on brain function and its impact on behavior and mental status is what firmly places the correct answer at the center of this issue.